『iOS Provisioning and Certifcates』を削除しても、Appstoreに審査済みのアプリに影響はありません。
Appstoreに審査済みのアプリには、Apple自身の証明書に差し替えましたため、影響は一切ありません。

For App Store apps, you don't need to worry. The signing information on app store binaries is only used for the initial validation to ensure it came from you. Once it has been uploaded the binary will be transformed and resigned with Apple's private key, encrypted with Fairplay, etc.

This means revoking your distribution certification will not affect live apps.